Custodian Ray Keen checks the 97-year-old clock atop Kansas’s Clay County courthouse last November.

Photograph by Charlie Riedel, AP

Brian Handwerk
for National Geographic News
Updated March 10, 2011

With daylight saving time (also called daylight savings) about to begin again, clock confusion is once again ticking away: When exactly does daylight saving time end? Why do we spring forward? Does it really save energy? Is it bad for your health? Get expert answers below.

When Does Daylight Savings Begin in 2011?

For most Americans, daylight saving time 2011 starts at 2 a.m. on Sunday, March 13, when most states spring forward an hour. Time will fall back to standard time again on Sunday, November 6, 2011, when daylight saving time ends.

The federal government doesn’t require U.S. states or territories to observe daylight saving time, which is why residents of Arizona, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Marianas Islands won’t need to change their clocks this weekend.

Where it is observed, daylight savings has been known to cause some problems.

National surveys by Rasmussen Reports, for example, show that 83 percent of respondents knew when to move their clocks ahead in spring 2010. Twenty-seven percent, though, admitted they’d been an hour early or late at least once in their lives because they hadn’t changed their clocks correctly.

It’s enough to make you wonder—why do we do use daylight saving time in the first place?

How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start?

Ben Franklin—of “early to bed and early to rise” fame—was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings, according to computer scientist David Prerau, author of the book Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time.

While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Paris, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a.m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the resources that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper.

“Franklin seriously realized it would be beneficial to make better use of daylight but he didn’t really know how to implement it,” Prerau said.

It wasn’t until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit.

In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918—for the states that chose to observe it.

During World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years.

Since the end of World War II, though, daylight saving time has always been optional for U.S. states. But its beginning and end have shifted—and occasionally disappeared.

During the 1973-74 Arab oil embargo, the U.S. once again extended daylight saving time through the winter, resulting in a one percent decrease in the country’s electrical load, according to federal studies cited by Prerau.

Thirty years later the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial monthlong extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007.

But does daylight saving time really save any energy?

Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Suck?

In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn’t actually save energy—and might even result in a net loss.

Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, co-authored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings—wiping out the evening gains.

Likewise, Matthew Kotchen, an economist at the University of California, saw in Indiana a situation ripe for study.

Prior to 2006 only 15 of the state’s 92 counties observed daylight saving time. So when the whole state adopted daylight saving time, it became possible to compare before-and-after energy use. While use of artificial lights dropped, increased air-conditioning use more than offset any energy gains, according to the daylight saving time research Kotchen led for the National Bureau of Economic Research [PDF] in 2008.

That’s because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. “So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they turn on their air conditioning,” the University of Washington’s Wolff said.

In fact, Hoosier consumers paid more on their electric bills than before they made the annual switch to daylight saving time, the study found.

(Related: “Extended Daylight Saving Time Not an Energy Saver?”)

But other studies do show energy gains.

In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress (PDF), mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy.

Extended daylight saving time—still in practice in 2011—saved 1.3 terawatt hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent.

While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nation’s enormous total energy use.

What’s more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others.

California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time—perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state.

But Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability and shouldn’t be taken as hard facts.

And daylight savings’ energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said.

“The North might be a slight winner, because the North doesn’t have as much air conditioning,” he said. “But the South is a definite loser in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving.”

(See in-depth energy coverage from National Geographic News.)

Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful?

For decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles—a claim Wolff and colleagues are currently putting to the test.

“In a nationwide American time-use study, we’re clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are substantially increased,” Wolff said. “That’s remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same.”

But others warn of ill effects.

Till Roenneberg, a chronobiologist at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, said his studies show that our circadian body clocks—set by light and darkness—never adjust to gaining an “extra” hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time.

“The consequence of that is that the majority of the population has drastically decreased productivity, decreased quality of life, increasing susceptibility to illness, and is just plain tired,” Roenneberg said.

One reason so many people in the developed world are chronically overtired, he said, is that they suffer from “social jet lag.” In other words, their optimal circadian sleep periods are out of whack with their actual sleep schedules.

Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said.

“Light doesn’t do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But more light in the evening would even further delay the body clock.”

Other research hints at even more serious health risks.

A 2008 study in the New England Journal of Medicine concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change. “The most likely explanation to our findings are disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms,” lead author Imre Janszky, of the Karolinska Institute’s Department of Public Health Sciences in Stockholm, told National Geographic News via email.

(Related: “Leap Year: How the World Makes Up for Lost Time.”)

Daylight Savings Lovers, Haters

With verdicts on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions.

In the U.K., for instance, the Lighter Later movement—part of 10:10, a group advocating cutting carbon emissions—argues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say, move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual—adding two hours of evening daylight to what we currently consider standard time.

The folks behind Standardtime.com, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether. Calling energy-efficiency claims “unproven,” they write: “If we are saving energy let’s go year round with Daylight Saving Time. If we are not saving energy let’s drop Daylight Saving Time!”

But don’t most people enjoy that extra evening sun every summer? Even that remains in doubt.

National telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer. Most people just “don’t think the time change is worth the hassle.” Forty-seven percent agreed with that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed.

But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it.

“I think the first day of daylight saving time is really like the first day of spring for a lot of people,” Prerau said. “It’s the first time that they have some time after work to make use of the springtime weather.

“I think if you ask most people if they enjoy having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive.”

The first would be to get a third party internet browser instead of using Internet Explorer.  This will be your first line of defense as browsers like Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox will give you a warning if the site you’re on has been reported for malicious activity.  This will block the connection to the website you’re trying to enter and allow you to leave it before any software can be downloaded to your PC.

Another quick and easy way to prevent spyware from gaining access your PC is to have an anti-virus or anti-spyware program designed to search for any harmful content.  Grisoft AVG and Spybot Search and Destroy are free programs that work great for this, and don’t use many system resources so you won’t notice any performance loss in your PC.

It’s become common that spyware can mimic typical things you would see on your computer to try and trick you into installing it.  For instance, some spyware will make itself look like an update from a widely used program so that you will be more likely to download it.  One way to tell a difference is to look and see if the update is coming from a pop up from an internet browser.  If this is the case, it is more than likely fake.  Software updates on your computer usually are automatic, and won’t require you to go to an external link for the update.

Taking these few precautions will allow you to browse the web without worry of your computer being taken over and losing any important information.

Umbrella Media would like to wish all of our clients, friends and family a very happy holiday!  We hope you have a great one, stay safe and stay warm!

We want to provide the best experience for you all, before, during and after your project.  If you come across an issue, give it a shot and we’ll take care of you in a jiffy!

[Client Support]

[Try Freshbooks. Painless Billing, Timetracking and Support]

I manage most of the projects here at Umbrella.  As the company grows, so does this notebook.  This weekend I reached a fork in the road.  Either I can keep cramming dividers and papers into this thing, or I can give the digital route a shot.

I have an iPad, so this weekend I looked around for a good note taking or project management app.  I almost turned around here.  The number of apps was overwhelming.  I decided to take it one app at a time.

Outpost

Weeks ago I downloaded Outpost.  Outpost is an app that integrates with Basecamp, the project management tool that we use.  I was hoping it would be this simple.  I was hoping I would get my $20 out of this app.  It could have happeneed, but I couldn’t get over how Outpost handles projects.  It just seems clunky.  On top of that, I really want my notes to be private.  I don’t want to have to mark my threads as private, same with my file uploads.

Things/Bento

I tried out Things & Bento back to back. I need more than To-Do lists and calendar reminders.  And I need way less than database structures.  Plus we already have to-do lists in Basecamp, so have two to-do lists just ends up being a pain.  Like many reviews I have read, all of these “project managers” either come up short in the feature department or are way too bloated.

Evernote

I ended up using Evernote.  I am not entirely happy with it, but it is the closest to what I want.  It allows offline storage for my Wifi Only iPad, attach documents and pictures to notes, record notes, and separates notes into different projects/notebooks.  Of course, in order to get full featured functionality I had to pay for the yearly membership.  The price point isn’t bad, and it is certainly worth paying for the effort of getting better organized.

It is also nice that it syncs with my Mac and iPhone, but honestly, I would rather do everything on the iPad and not have to mess around with anything else.  Unfortunately the iPad app is not as near feature rich as the desktop client.

My Wish List

Writing

It would be really great if I could write in Evernote with a stylus.  I still don’t feel quite right pulling out my iPad in meetings and typing.  It would at least “feel” a little more acceptable to be writing on the tablet. Maybe that’s just me.

To-Do list Sync

I use To-Do lists in Basecamp.  What would be great is if I could import in those into an app, from Basecamp and other to-do list managers.  When I check it off, it would sync and be done and over.

Conclusion

I scanned in all of my notes today and retired the binder.  I don’t know how long it will last or how well it will work.  At least my bag is lighter!

Urban Outfitters has released a new logo on their website.  We are not so sure what to make of it.  We are hoping this is just something that they are playing around with on their website and not something that they are taking full scale. U.E., if you’re looking for another logo design concept, give us a shout!

What are your thoughts on the new logo? Before and after shots after the break.

The restaurant is already open. It’s located on I35 and Slaughter next to Home Depot (Northbound). They have some great authentic Mexican food. We usually go as a group once a week. The frozen margarita’s are wonderful as well.

We’re really excited about this so we thought we’d give you a sneak peak at the website design. Check out the gallery after the break to see logo and website preview.

Twitter can be an effective way of marketing your business by simply microblogging‚ and getting recent news about your business to the public. Get the word out about you and your company using one of the most popular social media websites worldwide. Go to Twitter’s website at www.twitter.com and sign up today!

Tweeting & ReTweeting

After setting up your twitter account, you simply post on Twitter just like you would on Facebook or MySpace. With Twitter, your posts are limited to 140 characters, forcing you to be brief and to the point with your posts. You can ,tweet about anything, from posting links to recent blogs, news, recent activity, or retweeting others posts that you think are interesting. In order to retweet a post, simply select the options button to the right of that post, and select retweet. Once you retweet someones tweet, that person is notified, via @replies showing the user that they were mentioned by you (will explain later). The more you post, the more followers you potentially obtain, which means the more people that know about you and your company.

Followers & Following

Also like Facebook and MySpace, you develop friends, which are referred toas followers. The advantage of Twitter is that you dont have to follow back your followers, in which allowing them to see your posts but your Twitter feed is not being filled up by theirs, unless you simply want it to. The more your post, the more followers you can potentially obtain. Twitter users

Sample of Twitter Feed

search everyday for certain topics, which can lead them to you and ultimately start following your tweets. So make sure to use keywords and interesting topics to lure in more followers. Want to start following someone that you know or that posts topics that you are interested in? No problem. Simply do the same and search for their names or search those topics tofind someone tweeting something that catches your eye. To follow them, simply click on their username and click the follow button under their name on their profile page. After youve followed someone, their tweets are updated on your feed for you to view.

Sample of Twitter Feed

As you can see, youre now following @aaronortega, @micheliente, and @ummedia. Since they are the only people you are following, their and your tweets will be the only ones appearing on your feed. Once they start following you, your tweets will be added to their feeds amongst the other people they are following, allowing them to view your posts.

@Replies or Mentions 

Sample of @Reply or Mention

As you can see here, @micheliente retweeted your tweet, which then shows on your @reply or Mention page on Twitter showing you that she mentioned you. Mentioning or @replying someone, allows them to know that you have included them in your tweet by mentioning them, or are simply posting something directly to them by @replying. By starting off your post with the username, the post goes directly to them and not posted to the rest of your followers as an update (unless they are followers of both of you), whereas if you just include their name in your post, such as this sample of a retweet, it is posted on your feed for all of your followers to see mentioning the person.

For example, this post: @micheliente how are you doing? is to go directly to @micheliente and only shown to @micheliente and your mutual followers as an @reply. Whereas, if you were to post: Had fun hanging out with @micheliente this is posted as a regular tweet, and shown to all of your followers, and letting @micheliente know that you mentioned them. By @replying or mentioning someone, this is a great way to interact with your followers and build relationships between them and your business.

To view any mentions or @replies made to you, simply click on @brentisaacksinc under Home. Also, to view your retweets only, simply click on Retweets under your Favorites tab, this will show you who has retweeted your tweets.

@Reply or Mention Section

Direct Message or DM

Direct Messages, or DMs as its known to Tweeters, are private messages sent directly to your twitter inbox. These are like @replies except no one can view them except the person you sent them to. If you ever want to send a message to a person that you dont want made public, you send them a DM instead of @replying them. Similar to sending messages on Facebook or MySpace instead of posting a comment on their wall. To view your messages, you simply click on Direct Messages under your mention tab @brentisaacks.

Favorites

Favorites are your list of your favorite tweets, acting almost like a bookmark. Say there was one that just made you LOL or a post about an article or event you dont want to forget about, simply click on the star on the post to choose it as your favorite. To view your favorites, simply click Favorites under Direct Messages on your Home section to the right of your feed.

Trends 

Trending Section

Twitter has trends where people include #hashtags in their posts, such as #FollowFriday (or #ff), #LOST, #stevejobs, #greatday, etc. #Hashtags are basically tags that people include in their posts showing that their tweeting about a common subject, thus trending. For example, #FollowFriday is a popular trend for Twitter. This trend is typically used…. well, on Friday! Users mention other users that they recommend to their followers to follow. For example, you would post on Twitter: #FollowFriday these guys will make you laugh! @micheliente @aaronortega @ummedia or #ff these guys are great! @micheliente @aaronortega @ummedia

Follow Friday is a great way to get more followers for your business. By mentioning users, you get their attention and they usually offer the favor in return by mentioning you in their post, thus ultimately getting their followers to follow you, building your followers list and spreading the word about your business.

Another example on trends of a certain subject could be: Steve Jobs is a genius! I love my iPad! #stevejobs #apple #ipad or a certain mood: Do things have to be so complicated? Hurry it up and just tell me! #get2thepoint Here people can see that you were talking about these trends, thus allowing for people who search these to see your post.

Lists 

Austinites List feed

Lists

According to Twitter, lists are timelines you build yourself, consisting of friends, family, co-workers, sports teams, you name it. Basically, lists are pretty much your way of organizing the tweets from the people you are following. You can categorize them by city, topic, family, co-workers, business relationships, etc. For instance, here you can see I have a list I made called austinites. This is my list that Ive included people who live in Austin (Are you in it?). This allows me to enter into a feed that shows only their tweets. Underneath that, youll see @toddbarnard/austin. When you see this under your Lists, you know that these people have included you in their lists as well.

Mobile Twitter

Mobile phones have increasingly become a major part of our lives – lets just say we do more then just talk on them. For most of us, our personal AND business life is partly run on our mobile device. Besides checking email, watching videos, surfing the web, and reading the news, social media has increasingly gone mobile as well – Twitter being #1.

Most tweets are made on the go. Here are some great applications that you can use to easily use to tweet from your mobile phone.

iPhone / iPod Touch / iPad

Twitter for iPhone

Twitter for iPhone (formally Tweetie 2) is a free app with an impressive UI (user interface) that makes it the most popular Twitter client for iPhone (and best in my opinion). While being Tweetie 2, it actually cost users $3 to use this app, forcing people to turn to free apps such as TweetDeck and Echofon. With the recent buyout from Twitter, it is now accessible to all iPhone users (and Android) for free. Not only does this app have a clean UI, the functionality with this app is still enjoyable with their offline mode, allowing users to read past tweets, follow new people, reply to tweets, etc. without an internet/data connection. With this app you are also allowed multiple accounts so you can update any of your accounts all from the same place. Another plus, the updated app now includes search and user suggestions through categories (Celebrity suggestions being my favorite!). This app is unfortunately only good for iPhone and iPod Touch. The iPad version is not worth using, even for free, but no worries, a better version is in the making.

TweetDeck

TweetDeck is another brilliant application that you can download for free as well. Just like Twitter for iPhone, you can manage multiple Twitter accounts from your iPhone, iPod Touch, or iPad. An added functionality with this app actually allows users to manage both Facebook and Twitter. With TweetDeck Desktop, this app will automatically sync, syncing any new activity from your desktop to your mobile app, and vice-versa. With a quick shake to your iPhone or iPod Touch, you can check for any new updates.

Echofon

This Twitter app is a basic app that includes all the basic functionality of Twitter for your iPone, iPod Touch, or iPad. For $5 more, you can get the pro version of Echofon which includes no ads and push notifications of mentions and DMs.

Twitterific

For the iPad, this is the app to have. This app has been said to be ‚one of the best looking iPhone apps without a doubt. It is a free app for all iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad users with a $4.99 upgrade to Twitterrific Premium which removes ads from the timeline and allows for multiple twitter account management. The apps display provides you with all the basic functions, such as tweets, mentions, and DMs, as well as lists, searches, and trends. The iPhone versions interface is similar but less cramped, it allows users to access the same information on one screen.

Android

Twidroid

This popular Twitter app for Android phones is free with an available upgrade. The free version allows for the same basic Twitter functions, including lists, and with a shake of the phone it brings up the latest updates on Twitter. If you have multiple accounts that you need to manage, you will have to fork out the cash and pay for the upgrade.

Seesmic

Seesmic for Android allows the basic functions as Twitter with the ability to take photos and record videos and post them directly to Twitter via yfrog. It also includes the option to Geotag your tweets to share your current location and includes push notifications of mentions and DMs.

Twitter for Android

The Twitter for Android app is unfortunately only available for phones running Android 2.1 and above, but is notably beginning to become the most popular Twitter app for Android ever since the launch of the free app. Its an easy app to use, that allows for basic functions including sharing links and photos via share button. It also allows you to read tweets with the home screen widget, view tweet locations on a map, and also see your contacts tweets on your phonebook, GoogleTalk list or any other Android QuickContact application.

BlackBerry

Twitter for BlackBerry

This app is one of the most popular Twitter apps for BlackBerry today. Allows basic Twitter functionality plus the ability to take photos from your BlackBerry and post them via TwitPic or yfrog. It also automatically recognizes #hashtags and has a notification icon that shows you the number of new messages in your timeline.

UberTwitter

This app is another popular Twitter app for BlackBerry because of its ability to Geotag your tweets, automatically updating your location for you, and most recently, it supports Twitter lists. This is additional functionality outside of the basic Twitter app functions.

Seesmic

This app gives you the ability to track all your saved searches and Twitter lists. Additionally it has push notifications notifying you of new @replies and DMs.

Windows Mobile

Tiny Twitter

Ever have one of those friends that fills up your feed at times? Then this is the app for you. This is a free Twitter app for Windows Mobile that includes a unique function outside the basic Twitter functionality. Along with the basic functions, this app actually allows you to temporarily suspend a Twitter users tweets from appearing in your timeline while remaining in your follow list – so they have no idea (talk about sneaky!).

PocketTwit

This is another free popular Twitter app for WIndows Mobile that is also open-source. Along with the basic functions, it allows you the ability to take pictures and post them directly on Twitter, multiple accounts management, and also a unique sliding interface that allows you to drag tweets to the left in order to take action on them.

Twikini

This $4.95 Twitter app for Windows Mobile may actually be worth $4.95 for all of its functionality. Besides the base functions of Twitter, this app uses Bit.ly or TinyURL to shrink your posted URLs, Twitpics, and Geotagging with your GPS enable mobile phone. Dont think thats enough? Well youre in luck, because that $4.95 you spend allows you to also integrate your Twitter account with Windows Media Player so you can tweet the name of the song that you are currently listening to (because youre too lazy to do it for yourself, right?). This app is also available for a 14-day free trial.

Nokia Smart Phones

Tweets60

This Twitter app for Nokia Smart Phones, in particular – Nokia S60 Smart Phone, is your typical post and follow app. With the free version you have the ability to quickly update your own status and see what your friends are posting. With the pro version, there is additional functionality, such as posting images with TwitPic and ability to search, for a small price.

Gravity

The Gravity Twitter app is quite the popular app for Nokia S60 Smart Phones with its list of additional functionality apart from the basic Twitter functions. For a small price, with Gravity you can manage multiple Twitter accounts, save links from tweets, post images using TwitPic or yfrog, and of course, retweets, DMs, favorites, and @replies. A 10-day free trial version is available from the Oyi Store.

Snaptu

If youre a Nokia, Sony Ericsson, or Motorola mobile phone user, then this all-in-one application is definitely an app worth trying. This app gives you the ability to manage basically your whole social media life, by giving you the ability to manage your Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, and even your Google Picasa account – all from your mobile phone. The Twitter app allows you to do the basic functions of Twitter, such as updates, DMs, @replies, etc., along side the Facebook app where you can also update your status and read and write messages. This app is available to all Java-enabled mobile phone.

Desktop Twitter

With Twitter becoming increasingly popular, among personal and business users, and possibly the #1 social media website, not only has it evolved to mobile phones, but right on your desktop as well for further organization and advanced functionality. Its been said that the best Twitter desktop apps our built on Adobe AIR platforms, which seems to be the best at allowing these desktop apps to act similar on multiple operating systems while keeping a common interface, such as for Windows, Linux and Mac.

TweetDeck 

TweetDeck

TweetDeck was built on an Adobe AIR platform with the goal of gathering an abundance of information from your Twitter feeds and breaking it down into more manageable bite sized pieces. Far more then the basic Twitter functionality, TweetDeck allows you to split the main feed into topic or group specific columns (almost similar to Twitters Lists), along side your actual Twitter feed. Once these columns are saved, they will automatically be updated with their specific topic or group tweets, along with with the All Tweet column. This is done by saving all of the Tweets on database, allowing the you to continue using your Twitter offline – even if its Twitter that is down. Once back online, your Twitter is automatically queued with new tweets, @replies and DMs. Additional functionality include managing lists, images, videos, multiple accounts, favorites and search.Thats not all! This all-in-one app not only connects you to your Twitter accounts, but also with Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, Foursquare, Google Buzz and more.

You can download TweetDeck from TweetDecks website at http://www.tweetdeck.com/desktop/.

Seesmic Desktop 

Seesmic Desktop

This app also gives you the best of both worlds by integrating both Twitter and Facebook. This app allows you to manage multiple accounts, Facebook and Facebook Pages, and multiple Twitter accounts. Tweets and Facebook updates appear together in one column, with the ability to like and comment any posts and administer them. One of the things I personally like about this app, is that it allows you to create saved searches, which allows for companies to manage their brand by seeing what people are saying about them through creating search columns, allowing them to quickly respond to users and stay engaged. Another functionality that is incuded, besides the basic Twitter functions, is that you can also manage lists with this app, allowing you to access, create and respond.

You can download this desktop app from Seesmic at http://seesmic.com/seesmic_desktop/air/.

Twhirl 

Twirl

This social software client is a app owned by Seesmic, integrating Seesmic Video accounts and continuos developments, Twitter, Iaconi.ca, Friendfeed, MySpace, LinkIn and more via Ping.fm. With this desktop app, you get all the basic functionality including notifications for new messages, shorten long URLs, cross-post your updates to your multiple social media accounts, post images, search tweets, Seesmic Video updates, and even spell checking.

You can download Twhirl for your desktop from Twhirls website at http://www.twhirl.org/.

Twitterrific 

Twitterrific

This desktop app for both Twitter and Facebook is unfortunately only for Mac users, but if youre using TweetDeck, no worries – you have a great alternative! The benefits of this app is that it has an awesome interface with a small icon and footprint allowing you to adjust the sizing to your liking. It allows you to filter tweets, add custom behaviors, new tweet notifications, both audio and visual, manage multiple accounts, and plenty of settings and adjustments to make sure you have the app exactly how you like it. Only downfall of this app is that with the free version you are sharing screen space with ads, unless you are willing to fork out $14,95, Im sure you can learn to ignore this little annoyance.

You can download Twitterrific for your Mac at http://twitterrific.com/mac.

Twitter Guru

With all the increasing popularity and seamless development of Twitter and its corresponding apps, Twitter is only becoming more fun and easy to use. Not only does it allow you to market your company for free, you are also meeting new people and potential clients – whom I have actually built friendships with and long business relationships. Combining this How To with your passion for social media, Im sure it will be no time before you, yourself, will become a Twitter Guru and giving someone else pointers on how to widen their online presence through social media.